CHAPTER 8

 

WAR!

 

On the morning of Dec. 8th I was shaken awake by Bill Krueger.

“Wake up! Wake up!  The Japs bombed Pearl Harbor!”

When I was fully awake, Bill told me that the Jap bombers had hit Pearl, and all the airfields on Oahu. It was difficult to believe, the United States at war with Japan! The next few days were hectic. We expected to be bombed at any time. We heard the Japs had landed somewhere in Northern Luzon, but this was one of a hundred rumors and bombing could be heard in Manila and Cavite.

 The next day, three Jap bombers approached Corregidor from the east and Battery Denver opened up and drove them away, then later a large formation of bombers appeared to be on a bombing run from the east. They were coming in just north of Ft. Hughes and everyone began firing, including small arms. Captain Starr later said that our battery fired about 160 rounds. There were no direct hits, but it is sure the concentrated fire of Hartford and Denver surely changed the Jap’s course. The Captain felt that this experience did a lot for the gun crews.

The fact that all AA fire that day was short in range, brought about the belief that possibly the muzzle velocity used on the ammunition was in error due to the age of the ammunition we were using, and a decision was made within the regiment to hold a test firing to determine the actual developed muzzle velocity. This test was made on the No.1 gun of Battery Hartford. Four powder lots of ammunition were fired. From this test firing, a muzzle velocity of 2740 feet/second was used in subsequent firing. This lower muzzle velocity was fed into the director and the fuze cutters of each of the four 3” guns. This would compensate for the age of the ammunition.

The Captain guessed the Jap planes were empty, and that they were testing Corregidor’s air defenses. He also felt these earlier flights received a poor impression of our AA defenses and later flights came in at lower altitudes because of this, and consequently, our AA fire proved far more effective.

Later in December a flight of bombers came in from the east and Denver opened up first, then we commenced firing. The flight of planes split into two groups, one followed the North Channel, and the other the South Channel. No bombs were dropped. The following few days there was much plane activity, including many bombers over Manila and Cavite.

Yet another flight approached Corregidor from the east, Type 96 twin-tailed “Nell” bombers. They came in between Ft. Hughes and Hooker Pt. Denver and Hartford again fired at this formation of 18 planes. Again the formation split and flew around the island. The fire was very effective and one of the planes began trailing smoke.

An incredible event occurred the following day. I was sitting by my machine gun pit when I heard several muffled explosions! Some of the other men appeared and I asked what was happening? One of the men from the height finder told us that Jap bombers were after a destroyer in the bay. He said we could watch the action from the other side of Ramsey’s No. 3 gun. We rushed over near the kitchen and saw several men pointing out toward Manila. When I spotted the destroyer, a four stacker, ripping through the water toward the North Channel, four twin-engine Jap Sally’s were coming from the southeast preparing to make a pass at the Tin Can! Their altitude was less than a thousand feet, and they were in a tight diamond formation! The destroyer began to zig-zag as the bombers neared. The bombs fell to the port side of the destroyer and the planes banked left just east of Corregidor and curved around for another pass.

Apparently each bomber dropped only part of their load and were returning for another crack at the destroyer! On this pass, the bombers were lower and they caught the Tin Can running on a straight line between zig-zags! The Japs released their bombs and banked away to the east toward Manila. Great plumes of water obliterated the ship! My heart sank when I saw the speeding ship disappear! All that could be seen were immense geysers of water! And suddenly, from this wall of water the sharp bow of the destroyer appeared! The bombs had straddled her! She sped through the North Channel like an arrow and we lost sight of her behind Morrison Hill. We kept looking for more planes that might be coming to bomb the ship, but none appeared! All we could do was hope that she made it to the south!

Other than bombing in Manila, there was little air activity for several days, but on December 29th all hell broke loose! An estimated 18 fighters and dive bombers hit Corregidor at low altitude. The flight broke up into groups of three and began low level strafing and bombing runs across the island. They were too low for the 3” guns, but furnished many targets for those of us with machine guns. Their bombs blew up the Quartermaster buildings, and the Motor Pool sheds behind us. One of the single engine bombers flew across our position from north to south trailing smoke, probably hit by “C” Battery gunners. In a span of a few minutes several of the dive bombers were hit by machine gun fire.

Heavy bombers followed the strafers, approaching Corregidor from different directions. Although many of the bombs fell on each side of the island, explosions rocked the island. Smoke and dust filled the air. The trackers had little trouble finding targets, formations of Type 96 (Nells), and 97 (Sallys) heavies were everywhere! It was estimated that we were hit by approximately 100 bombers during the three to four hours of the raid. We had known we would get ours sooner or later. The main damage suffered by the island on the 29th appeared to be wooden structures. Captain Starr told us later that more damage was caused by the small planes strafing and bombing, than all of the heavy bombers.

Battery Hartford was visited by death on that day!  We were all saddened by the death of Clifford Arnold. He had moved to an unattended machine gun pit when the attack began, and one of the dive bombers dropped several small personnel bombs on a pass across our position. One of the bombs struck the pit that Arnold occupied. He was our first casualty and he was one of the most popular men in the battery. I was unaware of Arnold’s death until I emerged from my pit after the raid and walked down near the guns to see if there was any damage to our position. I saw several men gathered around on the road across from the corral and went to investigate. An old, dark colored van was parked on the road and the doors in the rear of the van were thrown wide open. I walked around the rear of the van and was shocked to see some one lying in the van with a tarp thrown over him. I was told it was Arnold. The tarp only reached to his ankles and his feet were bare! Why he was bare-footed I never learned, but it was probably from the concussion.

We would have other casualties in the months to come, but Arnold was the first. I suppose that the first loss has the most impact on the young, inexperienced men. I can still see him lying there in that old van. I returned to my machine gun pit, rather shocked, wondering who would be next?

We learned many things from the bombing raid. Most important  was the vulnerability of the electrical cables! The cable trenches  were much too shallow to protect the cables. We were all put to  work with the tools available. It was essential that we dig the cable trenches deeper even if it took all night! I used a small pry-bar to loosen rocks in the bottom of the trenches, and other men also were prying the rocks loose or picking up the ones that were loose. It was slow work, but the ditches grew deeper. The problem of damaged cables would be repeated countless times as the battle wore on. It seemed that we would always be plagued with the task of getting the cables deep enough to protect them from bombs and artillery shells. The earth was packed with various sized rocks, and breaking them free of the clay-like soil was a tedious job.

None of the bomb fragments had penetrated any of our gun or instrument pits. Our position had weathered the attack with the exception of Clifford Arnold, our first loss in this war with the Japanese.

During the first week of January we experienced heavy bomber raids, some lasting for three or four hours. I was now on the height finder part of the time working on the horizontal tracking scope. The Captain needed relief on the height finder because some of the men were having trouble keeping the cross-wire on the lead bomber when the bombs were released, and when they were coming down. I did not have that problem, but what really disturbed me was the crack of the three inch guns during firing runs. Sgt. Jackson gave me hell several times because I wasn’t holding still. The guns would crack and I would jerk. I finally conquered it, but it wasn’t easy!

The Jap planes continued to increase their altitudes. Fortunately for us, the Type 96 Nell twin tailed bomber could not climb above our range. Numerous hits were observed and many of the slow 96’s sank from their formations trailing smoke, and at times fire streamed from one or both of the engines. The dive bombers did not return during these raids and during the bombing runs the range section was able to concentrate on their duties on the height finder and director.

On one of these days, our battery was unable to fire. The first wave of bombers set fire to a large oil storage facility at Bottomside and heavy, black smoke blew southwest and covered our position. We could only take cover and listen to the drone of the bombers overhead. It was impossible to tell whether we were in the path of the planes as they made their bombing runs. It was a very long day! It was bad enough when we could see the course of the bombers and watch the bombs falling, but to huddle blindly while the planes were overhead, and to hear the bombs coming down was downright nerve racking!

Flight altitudes continued to increase. The Type 96 Nell bombers grew more scarce as the Japs realized their vulnerability to our anti-aircraft guns. They soon ceased to come over, leaving the Type 97 Sally’s as our chief tormentors. The Captain said that our 21 second fuzes were now at their extreme range. Many of the formations were directly overhead, allowing each of our 3” guns only four rounds before the guns reached the position requiring a 180 traverse. This lost time usually cost any additional firing. The Type 96 “Nell” bombers seemed to have a ceiling of less than 7000 yards, and this put the slow plane within our effective range, but unfortunately, the 96’s were scarce!

About the middle of January, Joplin, one of our machine gunners was wounded slightly in one arm by bomb fragments and was treated at the aid station. He was soon back in action and was a victim of many Purple Heart jokes. During a period of six days Capt. Starr said “H” Battery had obtained hits on four planes, and had fired between 300 and 400 rounds of 3” ammunition.

From the middle of January to the middle of February the Jap bombers were elsewhere. During that time the gun batteries of Corregidor worked at damage control. At Hartford, we replenished our camouflage around the guns, the range section equipment, and within the confines of the battery area, including Battery Ramsey. It was necessary to repair many of the cable runs. The water supply piping was re-routed, which allowed us to again enjoy the pleasure of a shower. This in itself offered us a great morale builder!

Corregidor experienced little air activity during this period and we put this lull to good use. The time was utilized for improving the gun and instrument positions. Numerous times we sprinted for our positions as the air raid siren ripped the air. The Japs were addressing their air power to our defence lines in Bataan, and elsewhere, and we kept very busy packing more dirt around the perimeter of each position. Serious damage would require a direct hit. This work was interrupted by the loud explosions of shells falling nearby! We all took cover as more shells fell in and around our battery position. I happened to be in Battery Ramsey’s No.3 gun pit when the first shells exploded and all I could do was hit the cement. Just as I, and several other men started to get up, more shells came in and we again hit the concrete. The word was passed that the Japs were shelling us from Ternate, which was located on the south side of Manila Bay approximately nine miles from Corregidor.

We finally began to move around behind the Ramsey parapets, and I decided to check my pit for any damage. I walked along behind Ramsey’s No. 2 gun, and to the concrete steps on the west side of the No.1 gun when I saw  dust and smoke hanging in the air. My tent had disappeared! There was nothing left of the tent, the beds, and all of my belongings. I had lost everything.

Captain Starr was on the top of the parapet and he said, “Do not congregate in any one place, there will likely be more shelling and I do not want any of you men gathered in bunches!”

I told him that I had lost everything and he said he would request cots and blankets right away for those of us in need of them. I had lost my foot locker which had all of my photos and my personal things. I was shocked. Now we had another worry, and would get little rest with the bombers and the artillery to contend with.

The following morning while eating breakfast, shells began exploding around us. More came in before we could hit the deck. This was what the Captain was concerned about, that several men would get caught in a bunch. We were fortunate that no casualties were reported after this incident. It was a close one!

Two 50 caliber gun crews arrived from “L” or “M” Battery to supplement the protection of the 3” AA guns. The men began setting up the two heavy water-cooled machine guns immediately. We were all glad to see them! The “fifties” could do monumental damage to low flying aircraft. The philosophy was simple. Keep the 3” guns in action, and this will force the bombers higher and affect their bombing accuracy! Anti-Aircraft Command assumed the Japs would be hitting us with more low level bombing and strafing to cripple the 3” batteries.

We were down to two meals a day, and these meals were nothing to write home about. We were getting pretty hungry and everyone was beginning to grumble. The men were now `sleeping’ in, or near their positions. If the Japs dropped any shells in, the first hits were our warning. The game was getting rough!

Many air warnings were dry runs. Most were happy that the planes did not appear. We were tired, and it seemed at times that the past month had lasted a lifetime. Once a flash warning was sounded, “motors in the west”, the suspense would build, and when the bombers did not come, we would slowly relax. Many times, we were on edge through out the whole day waiting for the enemy to materialize. It seemed that a Jap observation plane was circling the island continually, just out of range, close enough to keep everyone on edge. We called these “Photo Joe’s” and quite often one could hear sporadic firing, and see tracer’s sailing through the air. Usually, the pom-pom located on Malinta Hill would open up and entertain us with its inability to hit anything!

Larson, Krueger and I were in my pit most of the time during alerts and air raid warnings. Krueger said he felt more at ease out here in the open where he could see what was happening, and Ed Larson would reward the two of us with a big grin and remind us that he was just here to protect us from the big, bad Japs. If I was called for duty on the height finder, the other two could man the gun should the low flying dive bombers and Zero’s reappear.

About this time one of the men discovered that a building just below and to the west of Ramsey contained a large store of “C” rations. Bill Krueger, Ed Larson and I decided that one of us should investigate this rumor! Krueger and I picked our old pal Ed Larson to make a sortie around the hill to infiltrate the warehouse and filch some “C” rations. We were again rewarded with Larson’s big, toothy grin. Since there was a lull at the time, Ed picked this as a good time to sortie.

Less than an hour later here comes Larson, a case of something on his shoulder, and the same wide grin across his face.

“I got meat and beans,” he says.

We got hunger,” Krueger says. We opened the box, and there sat twenty-four cans of FOOD! We started right off with a can each, then we followed that up with another can...each. It seemed as though a full stomach took some of the bite from our predicament. Unfortunately, our `predicament’ returned all too quickly. Our flash phones announced “motors in the east”. Back to the war!

During the next pause in the festivities, I followed Larson’s instructions and found my way to the “warehouse of food”. As I scanned the cases of “C” rations I quickly discovered that the cardboard boxes contained foodstuffs other than meat and beans! Now this stack of boxes had corn beef hash, and this stack  had chocolate and biscuits, this stack.....chocolate and biscuits!  Why, I could sit here and eat chocolate until I got hit with a bomb or something! 

No, I says to myself, better I should just take a case, surely I could come back and get another one! I might even convince Krueger to come and get one, and maybe even Larson! I made it back to the machine gun pit and found my two pals waiting to see what goodies I would bring them. I discovered these two clowns weren’t the least excited about chocolate and biscuits! They informed me that they wanted food. I told them it was real shock to me that I would have to keep the chocolate, and I would have to return to the building for some corn beef hash!

We helped ourselves to the warehouse for some time, but it was too good to last! A member of our No.1 gun crew dropped the bad news one morning. He informed us that the warehouse was cleaned out, and that some of our guys were out scouting for anything they could find, foodstuffs that is.

Fortunately, the three of us had a good stock of food, and if we could protect it from the bombs and shells, we wouldn’t go hungry for a while. Of course, we usually were awarded our rations of “cracked wheat” twice a day, providing the artillery, and the bombers chose not to interfere with our kitchen’s operation...on that particular day!  There were, at this time, many air raid warnings and thankfully, many were dry runs.

During one of these air raid warnings we heard heavy explosions in the distance and discovered the Japs in or near Ternate, located near the southern shore of Manila Bay, were shelling Ft. Drum and Ft. Frank. This continued at intervals for several hours. When the shells exploded on Ft. Drum’s decks, a flash of fire could be seen. Many of the artillery shells missed and we could see great plumes of water spring from the sea around the concrete fortress. It became a normal routine for me to keep score on one of the powder cans surrounding my pit. Hits in one column.....misses in the other! One problem continually facing me was locating a marking device that would register an image on the old gray powder cans! Through trial and error, I discovered one kind of small, white rock that registered on the cans, and this enabled me to “keep score” on the marksmanship of the Jap gunners. The aircraft did not materialize, and the ‘all clear’ sounded before the Japs ceased their shelling of Drum and Frank.

One morning, during a quiet period, we heard a shot nearby and we all rushed down the steps near my pit. We found that George May had accidentally shot himself in the foot. He said he was cleaning his rifle and didn’t think he had a clip in the magazine. His foot was a mess and someone cut the shoestrings and removed his shoe. We were fortunate that the bombers were having a holiday, and the artillery left us alone. This pause permitted the medics to transport George down to the hospital in Malinta Tunnel.

But of course the Jap bombers returned! It was during the early morning and the clouds hung low over the island. We heard a string of bombs approaching and we all took cover. Since I was out in the open at the time, getting to cover was a significant problem! I saw one of the one foot wide by two and a half foot deep trenches dug for cables nearby and I dove into the trench, right shoulder down. All of me was below ground, and that’s all that counted! Some of the bombs landed very close and I was afraid that one of our 3” guns had been hit.

Finally men began to leave their cover and investigate. None of our men were injured and we were thankful for that, but we lost our kitchen, one of our stoves, and a small building nearby. Good fortune left our generator unscathed, and it was a monumental task moving the generator around the front of Ramsey, and into the protection of the Battery proper. Several cables had to be repaired, but soon, the noisy hulk was emitting its normal roar, which reverberated off the concrete walls of Ramsey. Someone commented that now, it was unnecessary for the Japs to see us, they could now locate “H” Battery with their sound instruments, and lob in a few, just to keep us on our toes!

Some damage was done to our No.4 gun, and we almost lost our 1st Sgt. who barely made it to a trench just as the bombs struck. We all got busy moving what was left of our kitchen into Battery Ramsey, just behind the No.3 disappearing gun. Located there, it would require a direct hit to destroy the kitchen.

The next day the bombers returned. On this occasion Larson, Krueger and I were gathered in my machine gun pit waiting for the next bomb run. The air raid alert had sounded and we had come running. It was quite cozy in the pit with three of us and the gun and tripod. It was times like this that I wished I hadn’t been so stingy about the size of the pit. Between the tripod legs sat the water can, and connecting hoses. One man turned the crank to circulate the water, one fed the belt, and one fired the gun. Machine gunners weren’t getting any business these days. We were receiving heavy stuff, no low level action.

The next formation of bombers were coming in, right over Monkey Point, and we could see the bombs now.

I said, “Those are big ones, guys.”

Larson said that each plane dropped just one bomb and they were going to land close! The closer the bombs came, the bigger they became! It was obvious that one of the bombs was going to join us in the pit! We watched helplessly as the bomb hurtled down. The concussion was incredible! Dust, chunks of concrete and the tremendous flash filled the air. Time passed, then I could hear voices that seemed far away. I felt helping hands and some of the men were pulling the pieces of concrete and other debris from the three of us. I felt hands slowly pulling me up, and out of the pit. My eyes and my mouth were full of dust, but now I could hear better. I remembered Larson and Krueger and I struggled away from the helping hands. I was now able to see a little and the tears were washing the dirt out a bit more. I turned and saw a hilarious sight!

Ed Larson stood rubbing his eyes as he coughed up dust. The concussion had blown his old WWI steel helmet right off his head! The helmet was held in place with one small screw. The screw had sheared off, and left only the frame and chin strap intact. Ed looked comical, with only the frame on his head. Bill Krueger was also giggling at the sight. The others helped Bill and Ed from the pit and we checked each other for injuries. One of the men was cleaning a deep gash in my left arm. The cause of the gash we’ll never know!

We saw quickly what had happened. The big bomb had struck the edge of Ramsey’s #1 gun parapet, and most of the blast had blown away from us. We were very fortunate! If it had contacted the concrete two yards closer to the pit, we would have been mincemeat! Later, when I inspected the pit for damage, I found that one chunk of concrete that rocketed into the pit when the bomb blew had actually bent one of the heavy cast iron tripod legs!

“With the one leg bent, when I fire at a Jap plane my gun will fire to the right,” I remarked.

“All you have to do is bend your right leg to compensate for the bend in the tripod leg, then you will shoot straight!” was Krueger’s comment.

“Matter of fact” he mumbled, “you always seem to shoot to the right anyway!”

“What a put down!” I says.

At this time Ed Larson appears and wants to know what I meant by that. I attempted an explanation which I quickly found to be a waste of time because the discussion had degenerated into knee slapping nonsense from the three of us!

For the next few days, the bombers stayed away. This gave us an opportunity to replace some of the camouflage that had been damaged, and the gun crew worked on No.4 gun to get it back in action. Corregidor again became the target for the Jap bombers during the last week of March. Many of the formations were too high for our 21 second powder train fuzes, and the Captain ordered everyone to take cover. Sgt. Jackson informed the C.O. that these planes were of a different type. This was our first encounter with a new  Japanese bomber, much superior to the type 97 Sally’s that were also capable of flying out of our range. The new bomber was equipped with a tail turret, and more powerful engines. The sleek plane was reported to be a Jap Navy bomber, and was capable of climbing to 9500 yards. This plane would be christened “Betty” and would distinguish itself in later battles.

Captain Starr told us that our extreme range was 8000 yards. This put the Jap bombers 4500 ft. above our range. Not too promising for us. Fortunately, “Boston” and “Chicago” Batteries were equipped with some mechanical fuzes which enabled them to reach many of the bomber formations, sometimes for only a few rounds. At least we felt, we can still fight back.

During one such raid, hearing that incoming flights were coming in high, and beyond our firing range, Captain Starr ordered everyone to take cover in  Battery Ramsey’s Magazines. Everyone scrambled from their positions and into the two squat magazines located between the big 6” disappearing guns! Larson and I sat leaning back against the concrete wall on the west side of the magazine located between Ramsey’s No.1 and No.2 Gun. As my eyes became accustomed to the dim light, now visible was a nerve-grabbing sight! The opposite wall of the magazine was obstructed by symmetrical rows of large, yellow cylinders. Each of the cylinders had a metal ring approximately two to three inches in diameter affixed to the tapered end facing me. I jabbed Ed Larson and informed my friend that the far wall consisted of six inch projectiles, all pointing at us!

“Aw, you know they ain’t loaded! The powder bags are in the other magazine! I saw ‘em,” was Larson’s response!

I reminded Ed that each of the projectiles was stuffed with this material that “blows up”, and if one of those Jap bombs hits this place, those things are gonna blow up!

“You know, I don’t think we’ll ever know what hit us!...Do you?” he says with one of his big, toothy grins.  Since I couldn’t think of any immediate response to that comment, I devoted my time trying to think about something more pleasant.

Being located inside the magazine proved to be a very unnerving experience! When the bombs began to fall, each stick appeared to be coming right into the magazine! Each of us described the sound of the falling bombs differently. To my ears, the sound resembled that of coal sliding down an endless chute. The sound brought memories of my childhood in Columbus Ohio. Whenever my father ordered one or two tons of coal from the supplier, a dump truck would appear. The driver would back the truck up near our house, then he would remove the coal chute from its rack on the side of the truck, run the chute into our basement window above the coal bin, then fasten the other end of the chute to the bed of the truck. After checking his work, the driver would pull a lever and the bed of the truck would begin to tilt upward, causing the coal to begin sliding down the chute into our basement. That noise resembled the bombs ripping the air as they fell to earth.

The damage to Corregidor from these heavy raids was mounting. During this period we often saw from fifty to one hundred bombers during one day. The Captain guessed that they were shuttling from Clark and Nichols. Late in March, two bombers approached from the south and Sgt. Jackson yelled at the Captain that the Sally’s were going to be in our range. Hartford opened fire and the bursts were close, then Denver opened up. A burst exploded between the fuselage and the left engine of the lead plane and blew the left wing and engine right off! The other plane was also hit, and was trailing smoke from both engines. The first plane fell in the North Channel, the fuselage and the right wing in one place, and the left wing in another. It was a very rewarding sight!

The fuselage and right wing fell just adjacent to one of the Yangtze River Gunboats. This gunboat had retreated from China when the Japs had invaded, and had sailed to the Philippines at the time the North China Marines had arrived. There was a Chinese cook on this gunboat, who had experienced so much grief from the Japanese in China, that he was overjoyed to see the two planes knocked from the air. When the plane plunged into the bay, practically in his lap, he was so delighted that he baked pies and sent them along with many cartons of  cigarettes to the 60th CA (AA) Regiment to show his appreciation for their excellent shooting.

About the first of April, the enemy attempted night bombing with incendiary bombs. They began with a few planes coming in from the east over Monkey Point, but this met with little success. The searchlights enabled our AA fire to be effective enough to force the bombers to change course and reduce any accuracy that they might have had. They generally came in flights of three, but soon cut down to a single plane. One night, a single plane dropped three incendiary bombs on Middleside setting fire to one building in the officer’s quarters, and a building just off Herring Field. Another night, one plane flew across from Bataan, south toward Ft. Drum. Several incendiaries were dropped over the North Channel, across Corregidor, across the South Channel, and the last bomb landed on the Cavite shore line just south of Ft. Drum. Little damage was inflicted during such erratic bombing, but with the 3” guns firing at these errant planes, I was never able to rest. The bark of these guns was something I would never get accustomed to.

The bombing slowed and it became obvious the Jap firepower was now being directed to our Bataan defenses which had been weakened by recent attacks. Large flights of bombers carried out intense bombing raids on the front lines and Mariveles. The Captain guessed the planes could make several sorties each day, and it was hardly necessary for the bombers to achieve the lofty altitudes required for a flyover of Corregidor. Since Clark and Nichols were quite near, planes attacking Corregidor were forced to climb nearly 30,000 feet before starting their bomb run. The front lines were without adequate AA protection, and were at the mercy of the heavy bombers, the low flying Zero’s and fast, twin-engined aircraft .

 

CHAPTER 9

Preface | Frontispiece | The Road to Adventure | Angel Island | Across the Pacific | Corregidor April 22, 1941 | Duty Assignment | Battery Hartford | To The Field | War | Surrendered!| 92nd Garage | The Spoils | Goodbye Corregidor | Bilibid | Cabanatuan Camp III | Pasay School | Nichols Field | Feet on Fire | Survival | Goodbye Pasay | Noto Maru | Moji Japan to Omori | Kawasaki, Nishin Flour Mill | Air Raid | Fire Bombs! | Out of Kawasaki | Suwa in the Mountains | The War is Over | The Yanks and Tanks | In The Air To Where? | Luzon? Again! 29th Replacement | Gray Cruise Ship to Home | Madigan General Hospital, Seattle | Last Leg to Home | Fletcher General Hospital, Cambridge Ohio |

 

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